The Sun

Answers

INTRODUCING THE SUN

1. a. 93 million miles (149 million kilometers)
    b. 864,000 miles
    c. 1,000,000 earths
    d. 333,000 earths
    e. 1.4 gm/cm3
    f. 10,000° F (5800 K)
    g. 27 million °F (15.0 million K)

ENERGY PRODUCTION WITHIN THE SUN

2. hydrogen, helium, metals (strictly astrophysical jargon)

3. gaseous, plasma

4. mass, energy, Einstein

5. proton-proton

6. protons (hydrogen), thermonuclear, protons, neutrons, LESS, mass, energy

7. five, SMALL, 50 (more like 60 percent--50 is easier to remember)

8. one million, eight

9. DECREASES, INCREASE

*10. neutrinos, LOW

*11. neutrino, are far fewer than what theory has predicted

12. hydrostatic equilibrium

ENERGY TRANSPORTATION WITHIN THE SUN

13. kinetic energy, atomic (molecular), Kelvin, 1.8 (almost two)

14. conduction, convection, radiation

15. convective, rise

16. conduction

17. radiated

18. wave, bullet (photon), bullet (photon)

19. core, radiative, convective, core

20. radiative

*21. scattering, photoionization (ionization)

22. convection

23. radiation

THE SUN AS A MAGNETIC DYNAMO

24. magnetic fields

25. CONVECTIVE ZONE, electrical, rotation

26. TRUE

VIEWING THE SUN IN WHITE LIGHT

27. photosphere, chromosphere, corona

*28. limb darkening, COOLER

29. Project the image of the sun onto a screen, using the telescope as a projection
system. Filter the sun's light prior to its entering the telescope.

30. concentrate, breaks

31. granulation, convection, upward, downward

SUNSPOTS

32. FALSE

33. magnetic field, COOLS, LESS, DARKER

34. sunspot, 11, 22

35. hours, months, umbra, penumbra

36. SHORTER, rotating, differential

37. differential, sunspots, equator

38. opposite (north/south)

39. OPPOSITE, 22

40. GREATER, there were virtually no sunspots recorded on the sun, Maunder,
exceptionally severe winters

THREE LAWS OF SPECTROSCOPY

41. continuous

42. emission

43. absorption

44. Kirchhoff

45. gas, LOW, WILL NOT, hydrogen, GIVEN OFF

OBSERVING THE SUN AT OTHER WAVELENGTHS

46. spectrum, spectrograph (spectroscope)

47. absorption, continuum, elements

48. photosphere, excited, emit, dark (absorption)

49. photosphere, (lower) chromosphere, absorption, spectroheliograph (spectrohelioscope)

50. ultraviolet, x-ray, HOTTER, corona, solar wind, coronal holes

51. IS

MAGNETIC INFLUENCES-- TYING IT ALL TOGETHER

52. magnetic field

53. sunspot

54. total, prominences

55. spicules, corona

56. holes, solar wind, decreases, higher

57. flares, sunspots

58. auroral

Note: An asterisk indicates a more difficult concept.